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What is Parkinson's disease? Symptoms, Causes, and treatment:

 Is Parkinson's disease a normal condition?


What is Parkinson's disease patient look like! Most people have seen the patient once in a life. It is a neurological disorder affecting the dopamine-producing nerve cell. dopamine controls the movement and coordination so the patient feels difficulty in movement. dopamine is produced in a specific area of the brain called substantia nigra and starts degenerating and it is Parkinson's disease symptom. the symptoms become visible with the 60 to 80 percent reduction of dopamine level. 

What is Parkinson's disease symptom:

  • Resting tremors or tremors in arms, legs, and hands.
  • Bradykinesia means the slow movement
  • Rigid and stiff muscles and can restrict the range of motion.
  • Impaired postural reflexes
  • Change in speech e.g slurred speech or person hesitates while talking.
  • Small writing or difficulty in writing is Parkinson's disease symptom.
  • Difficulty in walking, balance, and coordination. 
  • Patient unable to perform automatic movement i.e. blinking and smiling.
  • Change in gait is Parkinson's disease symptom
Is Parkinson's disease occur due to cell death? 
The dopamine-producing nerve cell dies and results in abnormal brain activity, impaired movement, and other symptoms. However, the exact cause is not clear, but several elements have a role and these elements are:

Genetics: Some specific mutation on a gene can develop this condition. 

Environmental Stimulation: Exposure to certain toxins or environmental factors may increase the risk of Parkinson's disease later. 

Who is at risk of developing Parkinson's disease?
1. Aging:
People whose age is around 60 or more are at risk of developing this condition. In some rare cases, young adults are also seen. 
2. Heredity: If a person in your family is Parkinson's disease carrier, then you might also suffer from it, but chances are rare unless there are more cases in your family.
3. Gender: Male is Parkinson's disease carrier more as compared to female. 

What are the complications of Parkinson's disease?
Following are treatable conditions that occur as a consequence: 

1. Dementia or difficulty while thinking:
The patient can face difficulty while thinking in the later stage of Parkinson's disease

2. Depression: Depression is Parkinson's disease complication felt in the early stages. Treating depression will ease the other challenges. 

3. Emotional Changes: The patient sometimes feels a loss of motivation along with fear and anxiety and these symptoms are treated with medicines.

4. Dysphagia: Dysphagia means difficulty in swallowing. And due to dysphagia, saliva accumulates in the mouth which results in drooling. 

5. Difficulty while eating and chewing: The mouth muscles are affected in the later stage and develop poor nutrition and breathing problems.

What is Parkinson's disease treatment?
Treatment comprises of:
  • Changing the way of life
  • Taking medications
  • Doing therapies ( include physiotherapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy)

What is Parkinson's disease medical management?

Usually, those drugs are prescribed which increase the dopamine level and affect the other chemicals in the body. Some of the drugs are:

1. Levodopa: It is usually given with carbidopa and replenishes the dopamine.

2. Anticholinergic drugs: These drugs close up the parasympathetic nervous system helping with rigidity. Some anticholinergic drugs used in treating this condition are: 
  • Benztriopine (congentine)
  • Trihexiphenidyl
3. Amantidine: It enhances the dopamine release

What is Parkinson's disease goal for physiotherapy and what interventions are used?
  • Prevent or minimize secondary impairment associate with disuse and inactivity.
  • Unlock freezing episodes 
  • Improve strength and overall mobility
  • Teach relaxation techniques and strategies for safety.
  • Improve postural control and balance
  • Promote functional mobility skills 
  • Improve cardiovascular endurance 
  • Teaching the energy conservation techniques

Following are some types of exercise  that are performed  on a patient with PD:
  • Reciprocal Movement patterns
  • Amplitude training 
  • Balance work
  • Strength training
  • Stretching and flexibility
Conclusion:
This short article covers basic detail about what is Parkinson's disease. In this article, we have discussed the symptoms, causes, risk factors, consequences, and treatment of Parkinson's disease. Along with that, we have also covered the role of physiotherapy and its intervention. If you want to read more articles related to physiotherapy, you can follow us on blogger so you don't miss any notifications regarding the new article. You can watch the video here

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