Physiotherapy Blog

What are the types of cardiac diseases? There is a number of cardiac diseases, but here we are just discussing some of them. These include: Coronary Artery Disease Atherosclerotic Disease Cardiac Failure Sudden Death 1. Coronary Artery Disease: Coronary artery disease is the most common type and is a collection of illnesses including angina pectoris,  stable angina, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction.   What is Angina Pectoris? In angina pectoris, there will be the shortening of blood and oxygen in the part of the heart. The patient will feel chest pain or discomfort because of the shortening of blood and oxygen. It occurs due to smocking, emotional stress, overheating, and tachyarrhythmias. There are three are types of angina pectoris, but we are discussing just two because there are the most common. Stable Angina:  Stable angina is the one that is relieved with rest. It occurs while performing an activity or emotional stress.  Unstable Angina:...

What is the support surface? The support surface is a particular pressure redistribution device that helps in controlling the tissue loads, microclimate, and therapeutic activities. It circulates the pressure exerted on the tissues that were in contact with the surface. The support surface picks up the weight of the patient while lying or sitting. The redistribution of pressure is important because it helps in relieving the pressure as well as enabling the blood flow again. If pressure is not relieved then the flow of blood will be reduced and that will damage the skin and soft tissue causing pressure ulcers.  What parameters should be considered while evaluating the characteristics of the support surface? Nine parameters should be considered while evaluating the characteristics of support surfaces for the patient with a wound. And these are: Pressure redistribution Reputation of product Moisture control Temperature control Fail safety Control of infection Fail safety Control of fr...

 Sometimes students get confused with the word ulcer. The ulcer is a crack in the skin as well as mucous membrane including a drop of surface tissue. In pressure ulcers, the skin and underlying tissue get a localized injury. The injury occurs over a bony prominence due to the pressure.  Etiology of Pressure Ulcer:  The cause of pressure ulcers is the application of unrelieved pressure with huge force over a short time. It can obstruct the blood flow, halt the blood supply to the capillary network, and deprive the oxygen and nutrients level of the tissue. If the external pressure is greater than arterial capillary pressure then it causes tissue damage, inflow impairment, and resultant local ischemia. The most common site for pressure ulcers are:  Heals Serum Ischial tuberosities Lateral malleoli Greater trochanters What are the risk factors for pressure ulcers: There are two types of risk factors .i.e. Intrinsic and extrinsic.  The intrinsic risk factors are: Lim...

 Almost everyone once had a wound. This wound is a crack in the flow of body tissue. We always treat the small wound by applying Dettol and a bandage. This type of treatment we do in just minor wounds and there are many more methods to treat the wound. We are discussing these methods below. 1. Physical therapy agents: Physical therapy agents or PT agents are heat, sound, and light energy. The physical therapy agents increase the extensibility of connective tissue as well as regulate the pain. Along with that the physical therapy agents also do the following work: Increase the healing rate of open wounds and soft tissue.  Remodel scar tissue Treat the skin conditions Reduce or eliminate the inflammation and swelling of soft tissue which occurred due to musculoskeletal injury or circulatory dysfunction.  2. Electrical Stimulation: Electrical stimulation is a physical therapy modality. It is getting more referrals because of the acknowledgment by the medical community for he...

         Wound debridement is a process to remove the waste, exudate, and necrotic tissues from the wound. The necrotic tissues hold back the healing process as it is one of the mediums where bacteria grow. What is the purpose of debridement? The prime motive of debridement is to control and prevent the occurring of infection and also to reduce the bioburden. The debridement also has a role in improving the healing process, and along with that it also helps in restoring circulation and oxygen. What is the reason for the accumulation of necrotic tissues? The common reasons for the accumulation of necrotic tissues are: Poor blood supply. Increased interstitial pressure. Pressure ulcer in the wound.  Examination of the necrotic tissues: When the severity of necrotic increases, the color changes from the white-gray to tan or yellow, and in the end it changes into brown or black. In the beginning, the consistency will be mucoid mucus-like and their water content...

What is a Wound?  A wound is a break in the flow of soft body structure and occurs due to violence or trauma to tissues. Wound is of two types. One is acute wound and the other is chronic wound.   The goal of wound healing: The prime motive of the healing process is to fill the gap which was conceived by tissue destruction. Along with that role, there is another role of this process and that is to restore the structural continuity of the injured part.  Wound Healing Process: The process of wound healing is a complex sequence of events. It starts immediately after the injury and wraps up with the complete closure of the wound. The cells undergo a number of complicated biological changes in this continuous process.  Why do cells go through the changes? The cells go through changes to: Facilitate Hemostasis Combat Infection Migrate into the wound space Form new blood vessels Shrink to close the defect Remodeling What are the phases of wound healing? The phases of w...

You might know about the term disc slip. It is another term used for cervical disc herniation. In the center of the disc, is a gel like material, and outside of it is fibrous cartilage. In the herniated disc, the fibrous cartilage which is outer part of disc is spiltted or tore. And the gel is extruded out of the disc and this is labeled as a herniated disc. This herniated disc develops pain in the neck or upper back. It can result from the exaggerated stress applied to the disc. People can get relief from this condition through physical therapy and medications.  Causes of Cervical Disc Herniation: Aging : The water level of the disc reduces over time. A decrease in water level also decreases the flexibility of the disc. The chances are high of being rupture if we try to move or turn the disc. the cracks and tears also develop in the less watery discs.  Hereditary Factor: You are at a high chance of developing cervical disc herniation if one of your family members is already ...

The biggest organ of our human body is the skin accounting for approximately 16% of total body weight. The skin protects us from pathogens i.e. bacteria, fungi, UV radiations, and restricts the loss of fluid and electrolytes. Along with that it also plays an important role in the maintenance of temperature via the process of thermoregulation. What are the functions of skin? Following are some important functions of the skin: To protect us from mechanical trauma, pathogens, and ultraviolet radiations.  It also prevents fluid and electrolyte loss. To balance the fluid and electrolyte level. Maintains the temperature via thermoregulation. Give the sensation of pain, pressure, and temperature using sensory receptors. The skin is also involved in the synthesis of vitamin D. The Production of Vitamin D: The skin starts producing vitamin D in the presence of sunlight. Vitamin D is then converted into Calcitriol in the liver and kidneys. Calcitriol monitors the production of calcium and ph...